Method and apparatus for providing enhanced electronic program guide with personalized selection of broadcast content using affinities data and user preferences

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method are provided to inform a user of a broadcast stream, which has multiple, concurrently received channels of program content, about recommendations of a subset of the content currently playing across the available channels or to be played within a selected future time period. The subset of content is selected based on user preferences and system data (e.g., program topic and channel affinities among the broadcast content and channels) to recommend a more diverse subset of content than would be discovered if only user preferences were employed to make the selection of recommended content.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser.No. 61/213,107, filed May 7, 2009, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

Related subject matter is disclosed and claimed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/831,343, filed Apr. 26, 2004 (now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 7,454,166), in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/213,414,filed Jun. 18, 2008, and in PCT Application No. PCT/US08/14013, filedDec. 23, 2008, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providingan enhanced Electronic Program Guide (EPG) for devices receivingbroadcast content such as Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS)programming. More particularly, the present invention relates to anapparatus and method for generating an enhanced EPG for display at areceiving device (e.g., a stationary or mobile SDARS radio receiver)that provides listings of content selected according to broadcast systemaffinities and a user's preferences.

2. Description of the Related Art

Products such as satellite radio receivers provide a rich set ofentertainment options to users, including over 100 to 200 channels ofconcurrent audio programs, for example. However, challenges arepresented by this huge set of entertainment choices. For example, howdoes a user easily find a program that is currently playing on one ofthe many concurrently received channels that is of interest to her? Howdoes a user easily identify an upcoming program that might be ofinterest to him, and remember to listen to it when it starts playing?How does a user know what kind of content is played on a given channel,and if she likes it, how does she identify other similar channels? If auser is listening to the receiver while driving a car, as can be typicalfor satellite radio transmission, how can he or she explore the myriadof content choices without a safety risk due to driver distraction whileoperating the receiver?

Satisfying these needs provides benefits both to the product user and tothe entertainment content service provider. To the user, enjoyment ofthe rich and diverse content is maximized through experiencing a varietyof programming that matches the user's interest. With current receiverssuch as satellite radios, it is common for a user to eventually settlein to listening to only as many channels as can fit on a bank of 6 to 10previously selected “preset” channels. Due to the extra effort requiredto search through hundreds of channels, a user will simply cycle throughtheir presets to find something of interest, missing the many programsplaying on other channels not in their presets. If it could be easierfor the user to explore content across all channels, the user couldexperience a greater variety of entertainment and likely discover orlocate content that is consistently of high interest to them.

For the content service provider, the business objective is keeping theusers engaged and experiencing the content, whether the service is apaid subscription service or an advertiser-paid service like highdefinition (HD) radio or interne streaming. To the extent the user canexperience a greater variety of content and content of highest personalinterest, the value of the service is raised to that user. This resultsin a higher level of engagement and commitment from the user, withpositive effects on the service provider's business.

The use of a conventional or traditional Electronic Program Guide (EPG)for providing current and upcoming content on multiple channels isavailable for television and radio broadcasting. The traditionalprovision of a visual EPG in a receiver is helpful, by providing alisting of content typically arranged in a grid of date/time along thex-axis and channels along the y-axis. Within the grid, information abouteach scheduled program is presented. Through User Interface (UI)controls provided by the receiver, the user can shift the display leftand right to see programs at different times and up and down to seeprograms on different channels.

A traditional EPG UI is certainly a better means for finding interestingcontent than simply tuning and listening to or viewing each channel.However, the traditional EPG UI does not fully satisfy the needsdescribed above, particularly in an environment like a vehicle where useand attention to the receiver UI must be minimized to maintain driversafety. Perusing the traditional EPG UI still requires significantattention from the user, making it impractical as a resource for a cardriver or in any situation where the user does not have the time orpatience to work with and navigate through the EPG.

Accordingly, there is a need for an improved apparatus and method thatprovides personalized content to a user by selectively enhancingenjoyment of the received SDARS or other broadcast content byrecommending content according to content or broadcast affinity data anduser preferences.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention address at least theabove problems and/or disadvantages and provide at least the advantagesdescribed below. Accordingly, an aspect of exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention is to provide a personalized content to a user byautomatically and selectively enhancing the user's experience ofreceived SDARS according to user preference and system affinityinformation (e.g., topic or channel affinities that can recommend morediverse content and channel discovery), as well as provide the user withtools for convenient and rapid content access and discovery.

It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an apparatusand method for informing the user of a personalized subset of thecontent (e.g., “highlights”) currently playing across availablechannels.

According to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, there is provided an apparatus and method for informing theuser of a personalized subset of the content (e.g., “highlights”)scheduled for transmission or delivery at a future period of time.

According to another aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, there is provided an apparatus and method for informing theuser of the type of content played on a selected transmitted channel orselected delivery channel.

Yet another aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present inventionis to provide an apparatus and method for informing the user listeningto a given channel “A” of other channels that typically play contentappealing to those who like channel “A”. Similarly, another aspect of anexemplary embodiment of the present invention is to provide an apparatusand method for informing the user listening to a program on a giventopic “A” of other programs or content that appeals to those who likecontent on topic “A”.

According to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, a method for accessing an electronic program guide (EPG)comprises identifying a general type of content in current and upcomingprograms, wherein the type of content is classified according to programtopic and subtopic information; marking a portion of the EPG programsbased on their distinctive content type; and providing the markedprograms as a suggestion or recommendation to a user.

According to another aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, a method for generating program affinity data comprisesmarking a portion of the programs to be broadcast to users based ondistinctive content type (e.g., considered by programmers to be ofinterest to a selected listening audience) such that the marked programscan be provided as a suggestion to a user (e.g., in a list of“highlights” or suggested programs displayed on a receiver); identifyinga typical user's cross-affinities to program channels and/or programtopics; and providing the affinity data to groups of users, wherein thegroups of users are distinguished by their demographics. The selected,marked programs and the affinity data are used in conjunction with auser's personal program listening behavior to locate content on allavailable program channels and enrich the program suggestions.

According to still another aspect of an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, a method for identifying and extrapolating a personalprogram listening behavior of a user comprises: determining temporallistening history of the user to build a profile of personal preferencefor program channels based on daily or weekly listening habits; and/ordetermining spatial listening history of the user to build a profile ofpersonal preference for program channels based on listening location.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, amethod for prioritizing the programs displayed in the personalized EPG,wherein the programs matching the user's preferences appear at the topof the list, and programs that clash with the user's preferences appearat the bottom of the list or are suppressed from the list altogether.

Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the invention willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings,discloses exemplary embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certainembodiments of the present invention will be more apparent from thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a diagram for implementing “What's Hot Now” in a devicein accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart illustrating calculating highlighted programsreflecting a user's program content interest in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts an excerpt from an illustrative EPG Table or ProgramSchedule in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 4A and 4B depict respectively a Listening History Table andPersonal Listening History data in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 depicts a Programs Priorities List in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 depicts a Personalized Affinities Table in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts a Suggestions List in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a receiver user interface (UI) in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a receiver user interface (UI) displaying an excerptfrom an illustrative EPG Table or Program Schedule in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 depicts Topics in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 11 depicts a Topics Affinity Table in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 depicts a Channel Affinity Table in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an illustrative algorithm for creating an Affinity list basedon Personal Behaviors in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 is another illustrative algorithm for creating an Affinity listbased on Personal Behaviors in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 15 depicts a basic algorithm for creating a Personal AffinityChannel List in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 16 depicts a detailed matrix of Channel Affinity data in accordancewith an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 17-22 depict screen shots of a simple receiver user interface inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 23A-23I depict an SDARS EPG user interface in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 24A-24F depict an SDARS EPG user interface in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Throughout the drawings, the same drawing reference numerals will beunderstood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The matters exemplified in the description such as a detailedconstruction and elements are provided to assist in a comprehensiveunderstanding of the embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, those ofordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes andmodifications of the embodiments described herein can be made withoutdeparting from the scope and spirit of the invention. Also, descriptionsof well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity andconciseness. Furthermore, the terms used herein are defined according tothe functions of exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Thus,the terms may vary depending on a user's or operator's intention andusage.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, anapparatus and method are provided to inform a user of a broadcaststream, which has multiple, concurrently received channels of programcontent, about recommendations of a subset of the content currentlyplaying across the available channels or to be played within a selectedfuture time period. The subset of content is selected based on userpreferences and system data (e.g., program topic and channel affinitiesamong the broadcast content and channels) to recommend a more diversesubset of content than would be discovered if only user preferences wereemployed to make the selection of recommended content. As described inmore detail below, global information assigned by a service provider inProgram Highlights, and/or Program Topics, and/or Channel Affinities iscombined with a specific user's Personal Behaviors to automaticallycalculate Personal Affinities. Personal Affinities are then used toautomatically filter and prioritize the programs in an EPG. For example,highlighted programs in an EPG Table can be filtered using PersonalAffinities such that a list of highlighted programs can be presented toeach separate receiver user reflecting that user's likely contentinterests.

Personal Affinities are advantageous over listening preferences becausea user's listening preferences alone are generally not sufficient toidentify highlights or other programs that would be of interest to theuser yet more diverse. Thus, using Personal Affinities in accordancewith an exemplary embodiment of the present invention introduces morediverse content to the user that differs from content on channelsalready heavily used by the user. In another words, the use of TopicAffinities or Channel Affinities with a specific user's PersonalBehaviors effectively projects the user's historical listeningpreferences onto new channels to facilitate the identification of newand interesting programs (e.g., program highlights). In addition, theuse of Topic Affinities with a specific user's Personal Behaviorseffectively identifies content of interest to the user by topic as wellas takes into account that user's changes in topics of interestthroughout the day and week (e.g., a user may prefer news topics onweekday mornings, certain talk shows during weekday afternoons, certaintypes of music in the evening, and certain sports programs on theweekends).

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention leverage and enhance aconventional EPG that is merely a channel guide to create a dataresource for content discovery applications. Instead of a constantchannel listing of all programs, wherein the burden is on a user tosearch the EPG channel listing and locate content of interest, anenhanced EPG method and apparatus in accordance with exemplaryembodiments of the present invention provides a program listing that isa rich extension of data (e.g., SDARS program associated data and/orprogram descriptive text (PAD/PDT)) and receiver application softwarethat uses this data to stimulate content discovery. Thus, the burden ofcontent search and discovery is with the receiver software and automatedand not on the user.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described herein thatprovide at least the following main functions to solve the shortcomingsof the conventional art stated above:

(1) Program Browsing—A function that provides user access to the full ora personalized subset of program listings (e.g. for a broadcastservice), with the ability to set alerts for selected programs.

(2) “What's Hot Now”—A function that provides a user rapid access to abrief list of currently playing programs that is a personalized subsetof the content (e.g., “highlights”) currently playing across availablechannels. For Example, the highlighted content can be selected by thedevice based on global content attributes assigned by the contentservice provider (e.g., a programming staff member selects programs tobe highlighted or featured and/or content or channel affinities), incombination with personalized listening preferences of the user.

(3) “What's Hot This Week”—A function that provides a user rapid accessto a list of programs scheduled for delivery for the upcoming week orother period that is a personalized subset of the content (“highlights”)scheduled for a future period of time. The highlighted content isselected by the device based on, for example, the user's selected topicsof interest, listening habits and preferences, and standardized topicaffinities. The user has the ability to set alerts for selected programsto be informed of when the programs are being broadcast.

(4) “Are there more shows like this one”—A function that assigns Topicsmetadata to programs. The Topics information is used by receivers toprovide suggestions of similar programming that may be of interest to auser when combined with personalized listening preferences of the user.

(4) “More Like This Channel”—A function that informs the user listeningto a given channel “A” of other channels that typically play contentappealing to those who like channel “A”.

These functions are described in more detail below. Although exemplaryembodiments are described herein with reference to SDARS and, forexample, to displaying and simplifying the navigation of an enhanced EPGof audio programming (e.g., on an SDARS receiver in a vehicle), it is tobe understood that the exemplary embodiments of the present inventiondescribed herein can be used in connection with other content deliveryservices and to other types of media such as video programming ormultimedia. Further, the delivery of the EPG in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention can be via any of wiredor wireless communication channels.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, an EPG serviceprovides EPG broadcast data to user receivers (e.g., via continuous orintermittent transmission) that can include any of, but not limited to,the following data elements:

-   -   Program Schedule—For the upcoming week or other designated        period, descriptions of programs scheduled for all audio        channels, including program titles, text descriptions, channel        number, start time/date, and duration. This data is updated by        programming staff on a daily basis, for example, or more        frequently if necessary.    -   Highlights and Features—Individual programs in the Program        Schedule are designated as Highlighted or Featured (e.g., by        programming staff) along with Program Schedule updates.    -   Topics—A hierarchical list of major topics and minor topics,        assignable to each program in the Program Schedule. The topics        list is updated relatively infrequently, with topic assignments        to specific programs regularly updated along with Program        Schedule updates by programming staff    -   Topic Affinities—A Topic “Affinity” indicates whether a listener        interested in one Topic might also be interested (or        disinterested) in the other Topic For each Topic “x”, a Topic        Affinity Matrix is provided that includes a reference to each        other Topic “y” indicating whether, if a listener likes Topic        “x”, she may also strongly like, somewhat like, or dislike Topic        “y”. This data need only be updated by programming staff        infrequently.    -   Program Alert Messages—Text announcements used by programming        staff, marketing staff and/or customer relationship management        staff to highlight programming changes or special events.    -   Listener Profile Parameters—Data used to refine calculations or        determinations made in the user receivers to derive personalized        listener profiles. This data need only be updated infrequently.

The data elements above are used by software in the user receivers toimplement user interfaces (UIs) such as the illustrative UIs describedbelow. More specifically, the EPG service provides the EPG broadcastdata or information as an infotainment service or data service (e.g.,information transmitted over an SDARS data channel to an SDARSreceiver). Software in the receiver interprets this data and presents itto the user through a user interface (UI).

Overview

FIG. 1 illustrates a system for implementing the above-described “What'sHot Now” function in a receiver according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. Operation of FIG. 1 will be described forillustrative purposes in connection with the flow chart in FIG. 2.

As stated above, the “What's Hot Now” function provides the userreceiver 20 with simple access to a short list 22 of program suggestionsthat have been highlighted, for example, by programming staff of thecontent or service provider 24 and are prioritized based on thehistorical listening habits of the user and one or more system dataaffinities. This function emphasizes simplicity (e.g., access with abutton press or two, and no user set-up required) and personalization(e.g., users with different listening histories may receive differentlists of suggestions).

The exemplary embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1implements “What's Hot Now” processing using a few programs and channelsas an example. Although the processing can involve multiple steps andcalculations that are automatically performed by the receiver inaccordance with software, for the listener it is very simple: press abutton and get personalized suggestions or recommendations for content.

With reference to FIG. 1 and step 50 of FIG. 2, programming staff 24enters full program data in an EPG Table or Program Schedule 26 which isdescribed in more detail below in connection with FIG. 9. The EPG Tableor Program Schedule 26 is stored in a server 28. During a preferablyregularly repeated task, the programming staff also selects a number ofprograms to designate as Highlighted and/or Featured by tagging them inthe Program Schedule database stored in the server 28 (steps 52, 54 and56 in FIG. 2). For example, Highlighted and Featured programs are chosenbased on their unique content, wide appeal to many users, or deepinterest by some groups of the SDARS audience. The table in FIG. 3depicts an excerpt of an illustrative EPG Table or Program Schedule 26covering a few programs airing at the same time. The service providerflags, tags or otherwise marks the selected programs as “Highlighted”(e.g., as described below with regard to the section on ProgramHighlights). Such Highlight flags, for example, can be a part of the EPGTable, or a separate data element referencing the EPG Table. The EPGTable or Program Section and Highlights are stored by the serviceprovider in the server 28, which may be a central server maintained bythe service provider or a third party contracted by the serviceprovider.

With continued reference to step 50 of FIG. 2 and to FIG. 3, the serviceprovider programming staff 24 also associates one or more Topics witheach program in the EPG Table or Program Schedule 26, characterizing thecontent of the program. Topics are described in more detail below inconnection with FIG. 10. The programming staff also generate an AffinityTable 32 (e.g., a Topic Affinity Table) based on their expertise onpositive and negative affinities between Topics. The values in theAffinity Table are not changed often, since they represent overall Topicaffinities, not specific program affinities. For example, a TopicAffinity Table is described in more detail below in connection with FIG.11, which represents an excerpt from the Affinity Table 32. The serviceprovider can also generate a Channel Affinity Table (e.g., see FIG. 12)as described herein in the section Channel Affinities. The Channeland/or Topic and/or other Affinity data is also stored in the server orsimilar storage device.

With reference to FIG. 1 and step 58 of FIG. 2, the current week's EPGProgram Schedule (with Highlights, Features, and Topic assignmentsindicated) and the Affinity Table are transmitted to all receivers 20(e.g., via satellite and/or terrestrial repeaters as indicated generallyat 34 and 36 or via the Internet as indicated at 40), where they arestored in a local memory of the receiver 20. Every receiver preferablyreceives the same Program Schedule and Affinity Table. Transmitting theEPG Table, Program Highlights, and Channel Affinities data to individualreceivers is further described in the section Receiver DataProvisioning. This data can be conveyed to receivers periodically (e.g.daily updates) or continuously (e.g. continuous broadcasting, typicalwith a satellite radio system), for example.

Each receiver 20 collects one or more sets of data indicative of thereceiver's user's personal listening preferences 38 as indicated at step60 in FIG. 2 and as described in the section Personal Behaviors andmaintains this data in local receiver memory. For example, each receiver20 providing the “What's Hot Now” function monitors general listeningbehaviors of its user(s) to build, for example, a simple weighted tableof relative time spent listening to each Topic, based on the Topicsassigned to the Programs to which the user listens. An illustrativeweighted table is shown in FIG. 4A based on the relative listening timesshown in FIG. 4B. The longer bars in FIG. 4B represent Topics favored bythe listener based on the relative listening time devoted to previouslyaired programs with those Topic assignments. The monitoring ispreferably performed continuously, but can also be performedintermittently or for selected periods.

Through a UI function provided by the receiver, the user can request alist of highlighted programs currently playing or uses all or anothersubset of the playing programs. The receiver combines the storedPersonal Behaviors data with Topic and/or Channel Affinity data asindicated at 42 in FIG. 1 and step 62 in FIG. 2 to build a prioritizedlist of channels most likely to include content of interest to the user,called the Personal Affinity List (see section Personal Affinities) asindicated at step 64 in FIG. 2. The receiver can use the ProgramHighlights data to build a list of all the channels that are currentlyplaying highlighted programs, called the Highlighted Channel List, forexample. The receiver sorts the Highlighted Channel List so the channelsare listed in the same order as the Personal Affinity List. The receiverthen displays information about the programs associated with thechannels in the sorted Highlighted Channel List in the sorted order asindicated at step 66 in FIG. 2. The user may optionally scroll throughthe list to find something of interest, ultimately selecting a displayedprogram for immediate listening or simply exit the list back to thecurrently playing channel.

By way of an example, the weighted table or Listening History Table(e.g., FIG. 4A) is employed by the receiver software for prioritizingrecommendations or suggestions as described below. The table ispreferably not used outside the receiver to maintain strict privacy ofthe data. The algorithm for building the resulting Listening HistoryTable, in calculating weighted channel or topic preferences, can reflectevolving listening habits by emphasizing Topics or Channels associatedwith more recently selected programs over those that have not beenselected for a longer period of time.

A user wishing to obtain a list of suggestions for alternate programscurrently playing can press a button on the receiver such as, forexample, a soft button labeled On Now. The receiver software builds aProgram Priorities List shown in FIG. 5 containing the programs from theEPG Program Schedule currently playing across all channels that can besorted and prioritized with Highlighted programs at the top, followed byFeatured programs, and then all other programs. This list is effectivelya sorted version of the Program Schedule and the same for all receivers.

The receiver software next uses the user's Listening History Table(e.g., FIG. 4A) and the Topic Affinity Table 32, for example, to providea prioritized list of all playing programs, called the PersonalizedAffinities Table as shown in FIG. 6. This processing step by thereceiver augments the user's Listening History Table in FIG. 4A with therelatively static Topic affinities to “project” the user's dynamiclistening habits onto programs airing on channels that he or she may noteven be aware of. The table can be displayed, for example, with channelsplaying programs more likely to be of interest to this listener at thetop.

Finally, the receiver software reorders the Program Priorities List(e.g., FIG. 5) using weightings from the Personalized Affinities Table(e.g., FIG. 6), creating a Suggestions List as shown in FIG. 7. TheSuggestion List therefore reflects weighted program priorities based on:

-   -   program Highlights and Features established by programming staff        in the Program Schedule,    -   the user's personal and historical Topic preferences, and    -   Topic affinities.

FIG. 7 illustrates the resulting Suggestions or Recommendations Listthat might be generated for the exemplary user. The original Feature andHighlight statuses can be shown for reference. This Suggestions Listshows that the suggestions emphasize programs Highlighted and/orFeatured by programming staff, while prioritizing programs most likelyto appeal to this user and avoiding suggestions most likely to beinappropriate for this user. The incorporation of the Affinity Tableinformation has resulted in program suggestions for channels neversampled by this listener, providing the advantage introducing the userto content and channels he or she may not be aware of or incorrectlyassumed to not be of interest.

The receiver software can display the first few programs in theresulting Suggestion List, as shown in FIG. 8. As stated above, althoughthe processing by the receiver software can be relatively complex, theuser experience is simple: quick access to a personalized list ofrecommended programs playing right now.

A receiver 20 UI can allow a user to cycle through the list or, in amulti-line display, only show the first few suggestions as illustratedin FIG. 8. Receivers with limited display capability can present thesuggestions through techniques such as temporarily populating a reservedbank of presets or favorites list with the channels playing thesuggested programs, using a “scan” feature to preview the suggestions,or simply cycling through the suggestions with channel up/down while inthe “What's Hot Now” mode of operation.

The receiver 20 may also allow the user to continue scrolling throughadditional program suggestions in the prioritized list. Although animportant advantage of this function is to provide a few suggestionswith minimal user interaction, the user may also use this feature toexplore deeper into the list of suggestions.

Even though all receivers 20 use the same Program Schedule and AffinityTable data, the weighting influence of the Personalized Affinities Table(e.g. FIG. 6) can result in different suggestions for differentlisteners, thus providing a personalized experience.

What's Hot—Shared Elements

The data elements introduced above will now be described in more detail.These data elements may be used for both or either of the “What's HotNow” and “What's Hot This Week” functions, among other functions.

EPG Table/Program Schedule

The service provider provides an EPG Table (e.g., a Program Schedule 26for next week of content on the broadcast channels) to the receiver 20.The EPG Table lists current and/or future programming for a set ofindividual channels (e.g., see a receiver 20 UI display of an excerpt ofan EPG Table in FIG. 9). The EPG Table can include Program DescriptiveInformation (metadata) about programs playing or scheduled to play atvarious time slots for a given channel including but not limited to anyof: unique program identifier, program series or episode identifier(e.g., if program is part of a multi-program series), program title(e.g., long and short names to accommodate receivers with differentdisplay constraints), program short description, program longdescription, program series title, program series short description,program series long description, program categories, programsubcategories, one or more topics and subtopics associated with theprogram, start time, duration, channel identifier, Feature/Highlightflags, content type flags (e.g., to indicate new content or live contentor original airing or repeat airing or recording prohibited), repeatinformation (program is first-run, or a repeat of a previously airedprogram, or a number of times a program is repeated on a channel for thedays covered by the Program Schedule transmission), program rating(e.g., suitability for younger audiences), program or series graphicallogo, audio description of the program, video description of theprogram, and/or phonetic pronunciation information related to any of theProgram Descriptive Information elements. The EPG Table may includeprogram listings for all content played on all channels, for all contentplayed on a subset of all channels, or for portions of the contentplayed on selected or all channel. The time scope of the EPG Table mayinclude only currently playing content or a range of time such as a day,week, month, etc.

The “What's Hot Now” and “What's Hot This Week” functions allow theservice provider to draw the user's attention to interesting content forthe day, week, or moment. The functions provide a way to efficiently usethe potentially voluminous data of the Program Schedule with a verysimple user interface, particularly in situations such as vehicle wheredriver distraction concerns are paramount or the user's capability tofocus sustained attention to the EPG Table contents is limited.

Multiple access methods can be provided to access “What's Hot”. Forexample, a “scan” mode can be provided to include optional “play for 10seconds” while scanning a “What's Hot” list. Further, a soft or harddedicated button can be provided on the receiver 20. A virtual categoryof “What's Hot” highlights is also an option. There can also be adynamic “Favorites” list of “What's Hot” highlights optionally assigninga Preset Button to start a “What's Hot” list or scan to access to a“What's Hot” or “Favorites” list or “What's Hot” highlights.

In an illustrative embodiment, the Program Schedule 26 is continuouslyre-transmitted, carousel style, in four segments where each segmentcovers a specific time range:

-   -   Segment 0 contains current programming and approximately 3-4        hours of the most imminent programming.    -   Segment 1 contains a complete list of programming for the        current day except for the programming contained in Segment 0.    -   Segment 2 contains a complete list of programming for the next        day except for the programming that may be contained in Segment        0 during the period of time when Segment 0 overlaps into        Tomorrow.    -   Segment 3 contains programming for the subsequent days covered        by the schedule.

This segmentation allows the EPG service to provide fast access tocurrent program information by transmitting Segment 0 more frequentlythan other Segments.

Message fields allow a receiver 20 to determine when the ProgramSchedule 26 has been completely received. Other fields allow a receiverto determine when the contents of the Program Schedule have changed.This avoids unnecessary processing if no changes have occurred since thelast time the data was received and processed by the receiver.

The contents of the complete transmitted Program Schedule 26 can changeat least once a day, eliminating the previous day's programs and addinga new day at the end of the 7 day span. However, schedule contentupdates typically occur multiple times during the day as program changesare made and additional details added for forthcoming programs.

Since the Program Schedule 26 is very dynamic and always transmitted inentirety, there is no starting “baseline database” compiled into areceiver at shipment.

Program Highlights and Features

The service provider 24 may mark a portion of the EPG Table programs as“Highlighted”, based on their judgment of distinctive content, forexample, programs that are unique and/or of potential high interest tolisteners of varied background. In an illustrative implementation, twolevels of highlighting are supported:

-   -   Highlight—A relatively small number of particularly distinctive        programs, as might be highlighted in a weekly newsletter to        listeners.    -   Feature—A relatively large number of programs across the entire        week of content or other selected time period.

Together, Highlighted and Featured flags (e.g., see FIG. 3) provide atwo tiered method for emphasizing selected programs. All Highlightedprograms are also Featured. Therefore Highlighted=TRUE represents ahigher emphasis on a program than only Featured=TRUE.

As an example for a broadcast service that supports about 150 channels,there could be at least 10 programs marked as Highlights at any point intime. The number of programs marked as Features would be enough thattypical listeners with differing listening profiles could see at least 5programs planned for the week that match their particular listeninginterests.

The service provider 24 can also highlight daily special events and/orreal time events, for example a special impromptu interview.

Program Topics

Program Topics can be optionally assigned by the service provider 24 toidentify the general type of content in a program. In one example, anyprogram can be assigned a Topic (major topic) and Subtopic (minor topic)by the service provider. Examples might include:

-   -   Topic=Music, Subtopics=Alternative, Bluegrass, Blues, Jazz,        etc.,    -   Topic=Business, Subtopics=Interviews, Finance, Management    -   Topic=Personal Interest, Subtopics=Health and Nutrition,        Outdoors, Relationships, etc.        Additional examples are described below in connection with FIG.        10.

The advantage of using Topics is in identifying current and upcomingprograms that match a user's selected interest areas, regardless ofcarrying channels, without the user having to peruse through all thecontent in the full Program Guide.

In accordance with another illustrative embodiment of the presentinvention, Topics provide a two-level hierarchical list of subjectmatter descriptions for characterizing programs in the Program Schedule.Major Topics are each further subdivided into Minor Topics asexemplified in FIG. 10.

Topic Definitions: Up to 1024 Topics can be defined by programming staff24. Each defined Topic can be designated as either a Major Topic or aMinor Topic, for example, with the constraint of a maximum of 256 MajorTopics and a maximum of 256 Minor Topics assigned to any single MajorTopic. Each Minor Topic belongs to a single Major Topic. Each Topic isassigned a text name of up to 32 displayable characters. The Topicsdefinition list is continuously broadcast, carousel style, as part ofthe EPG service.

Topic Program Associations: The EPG transmission includes associationsof Topics to selected programs in the Program Schedule. Each program canbe associated by programming staff 24 with up to 8 Topics, for example.Although not explicitly required, Programs are most often tagged withMinor Topics since the Minor Topics provide more specificity than MajorTopics, which can be important for classifying program content.

Topic Affinities

The EPG transmission indicated at 36 and 40 in FIG. 1 preferablycomprises an Affinity Table 32 such as a Topic Affinity Table (e.g.,FIG. 11), indicating potential “like” and “dislike” relationshipsbetween each Topic pair. For each Topic “x”, the Affinity Tableindicates one of the following affinities for each other Topic “y”defined by programming staff:

-   -   Typically Likes (2)—A listener who likes Topic “x” will        typically also like Topic “y”.    -   May Like (1)—A listener who likes Topic “x” may also like Topic        “y”.    -   Neutral (0)—No strong negative or positive affinity between        Topic “x” and Topic “y”.    -   Typically Dislikes (−1)—A listener who likes Topic “x” will        typically dislike Topic “y”.

The resulting Topic Affinity Table can be viewed as a matrix, with Topicidentifiers on the x and y axes and intersecting cells indicating theaffinities between Topic pairs using a numerical code. FIG. 11illustrates an excerpt of an exemplary Topic Affinity Table, covering afew example Topics. The four values 2, 1, 0, and −1 each represent thefour affinities described above. FIG. 11 illustrates Topics which havesymmetric relationships (Topic “x” to Topic “y” is the same as Topic “y”to Topic “x”). However, the EPG service in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention also accommodates asymmetricrelationships, e.g., Topic “x” to Topic “y” is different from Topic “y”to Topic “x”. This data can be transmitted continuously, for example, aspart of the EPG transmission in a compressed format.

Topic affinities are established by programming staff 24 as a tool foruse by receivers 20 in filtering and prioritizing program suggestions toindividual users. These affinities are not absolutes since there is awide variation in personal preferences for content; however, theyprovide a useful element in algorithms used by the receiver toprioritize content suggestions to the user, and to de-prioritizesuggestions that a user might find inappropriate. The Topic AffinityTable values preferably need only be updated infrequently such asusually only when adding or removing Topics, or for fine-tuning thealgorithms used to suggest programming alternatives to the user.

Channel Affinities

FIG. 12 is an excerpt of a matrix of a Channel Affinity data accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The ChannelAffinity data reflects the service provider's judgment or determinationsregarding a typical listener's cross-affinities to channels. This dataeffectively indicates that a listener who likes channel A will likelyalso like channel B and C (strong affinity), may like channel D (mediumaffinity), probably would dislike channel E (negative affinity), andwould have an unknown/neutral opinion about other channels (neutralaffinity). This is relatively static information that would only need tobe updated by the service provider 24 from time to time (e.g., uponaddition of a new channel, significant change in channel content, or tofine-tune the affinities). Channel Affinity data is global, meaning itis intended for use by all receivers. Alternatively, different ChannelAffinity data can be provided to groups of users distinguished by somedifferentiating demographic characteristics. Channel Affinity data canbe based on content genre or type and other metadata parameters, userlistening behavior or other feedback information, and so on.

Referring to FIG. 12, the Channel Affinity data is maintained andprovided, for example, as a matrix, with all channels listed on both thex and y axis and values listed to indicate strength of affinitiesbetween respective channels. A value is entered at each cell of thematrix to indicate the affinity of the channel pair that intersects atthat cell. Affinity values in each cell can indicate a range of positiveaffinity strength (if you like channel A, you will really like channelB), a range of negative affinity strength (if you like channel A, youwill really dislike channel B), or neutral (no consistent positive ornegative affinity between channel A and B).

Channel Affinity data is preferably determined and provided for any andall users (e.g., without distinction by demographics). Channel Affinitydata is used to project each user's personal behavior onto all availablechannels to enrich suggestions of content for that user as described inmore detail in connection with FIGS. 2 and 16. Thus, using ChannelAffinity data is valuable and useful even if, for example, (a) theprograms are not marked as to content type, or (b) the data is notdelivered to groups of users based on demographics. The Channel Affinitydata can simply reflect channel-to-channel affinities, versus programaffinities, to achieve a simple yet powerful approach to facilitatingusers' discovery of content among a diverse and rich content source.

Personal Behaviors

Personal Behaviors function employs one or more attributes to identifyand extrapolate the personal listening behaviors of the user, and caninclude without limit at least any of the following:

-   Channel Listening History—This Personal Behavior attribute includes    the relative time spent by a user listening to specific channels or    programs as well as absolute times. More critical than absolute    times are the relative times: i.e. channel A was listened to 10    times more than channel B, channel C was never listened to at all,    etc. The user's personal listening history is automatically tracked    by a receiver 20 without any user setup.-   Channel Preset and/or Favorites Selections—This Personal Behavior    attribute includes user actions of assigning a channel to a receiver    preset or “favorites” list. The implication of this action is that    the user has some interest in the assigned channel such that these    user selections are useful for aspects of the present invention    involving personalization.-   Channel Suppression Selections—If the receiver 20 supports the    ability to suppress a channel choice (e.g. to skip over it when    tuning, to suppress it for play by younger audiences), such    selections can imply that the user is disinterested in the    suppressed channel, which are also useful for aspects of the present    invention involving personalization.-   Temporal Listening History—This Personal Behavior attribute combines    Channel Listening History with time of day and/or day of week, to    build a profile of personal preferences for channels based on daily    or weekly listening habits. For example, a user may like to listen    to news during a morning commute, but prefer music driving home at    the end of the day.-   Spatial Listening History—This Personal Behavior attribute combines    Channel Listening History with location information, to build a    profile of personal preferences for channels based on listening    location, stationary (e.g., office, home, etc.) or in motion (e.g.,    work commute route vs. other routes using mobile receiver position    determination technology). In other words, a user may like to listen    to news while commuting to work, but prefer music when driving other    routes not matching the typical commute route.-   Program Listening History—This Personal Behavior attribute is    similar to Channel Listening History, except that it captures more    refined information about specific programs the user has listened    to.

Personal Behaviors (e.g., personal listening history) are preferablyautomatically tracked by the listener's receiver 20 and withoutrequiring user set-up or requiring user operations to control personalbehavior tracking.

Personal Affinities

As described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention combines the global informationassigned by the service provider in Program Highlights, and/or ProgramTopics, and/or Channel Affinities with a specific user's PersonalBehaviors to calculate Personal Affinities. Personal Affinities are thenused to filter and prioritize the programs in the EPG Table 26 (e.g.,Highlighted or Featured programs) such that a list of highlightedprograms can be presented to each separate receiver user reflecting thatuser's likely content interests. Personal Affinities are advantageousover merely using listening preferences to locate and suggest content ofinterest because a user's listening preferences alone are generally notsufficient to identify highlights that would be of interest to the useryet also more diverse (i.e., that would introduce more diverse contentthat differs from content on channels already heavily used by the user).In another words, the use of Channel and/or Topic Affinities with aspecific user's Personal Behaviors effectively projects the user'shistorical listening preferences onto new channels to facilitate theidentification of new and interesting program highlights.

The Personal Behavior components of Personal Affinities serve toproperly prioritize a program list such as a Highlights list so thatprograms matching the user's interests appear at the top of the list,and programs that clash with the user's interests appear at the bottomof the list or are suppressed from the list altogether. The Channeland/or Topic Affinities components of Personal Affinities serve toextrapolate the user's Personal Behaviors to content played on channelsthe user may have never even tuned to. Without the Channel or TopicAffinities element in the calculations, Personal Behaviors might onlyprioritize program highlights on channels the user is already familiarwith, limiting the ability to enhance user discovery of broadcastcontent. In effect, the Channel Affinities or Topic Affinities project auser's Personal Behaviors onto all available channels to enrich thehighlighted program suggestions, and therefore is a significantadvantage of the present invention.

In accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention,Personal Affinity calculations or determinations can be implementedusing, but not limited to, any one or combination of the following:

-   -   1. Simple weighted sums of relative listening times (Channel        Listening History) applied to Channel and/or Topic or and/other        Affinity values.    -   2. Non-linear weighting of relative listening times (Channel        Listening History) applied to Channel and/or Topic and/or other        Affinity values.    -   3. Linear or Non-linear Weighting incorporating channels        assigned to presets or favorites (e.g. higher weights for        channels assigned by the user to a preset or favorite)    -   4. Linear or Non-linear Weighting incorporating suppressed        channels or topics (e.g. negative weighting for channels or        topics suppressed by the user.)    -   5. Time-variant elements of the weighting (e.g. where the        influence of channels or topics listened to a long time ago, or        preset assignments made long ago has a weaker influence on        channels or topics most recently listened to and/or preset        assignments most recently made).

Multiple sets of Personal Behavior and Personal Affinity data canoptionally be stored in a single receiver 20, to accommodate multipleusers or sets of users of the receiver. For example, for a receiverinstalled in a car, the key fob could indicate to the system whichperson in a family is driving the car and therefore load and maintainthe Personal Behavior and Personal Affinity data for that user.Additionally a receiver 20 can offer the option for the user toexplicitly select a user profile, for example, to determine if PersonalBehavior and Personal Affinity data should be loaded and maintained fora parent driving alone, versus the same parent driving with their youngchildren in the car.

Receiver Data Provisioning

Multiple methods can be employed to get any of the EPG Table data,Channel Affinity data, and/or Program Topics assignments from theservice provider to individual receivers, including but not limited to:

-   -   Broadcast (e.g., over a data channel) through a broadcast        network such as satellite radio or HD radio using wired or        wireless transmission means.    -   Internet-based or private network based distribution including:    -   Side-loaded by connecting the receiver to a PC connected to the        interne    -   Cellular connection    -   WiFi connection

What's Hot Now

The “What's Hot Now” function allows a content provider to bring specialevents for the day, week or current time to its users' or customers'attention to highlight special programming, promote vast and diversecontent to users and otherwise facilitate their discovery of differentcontent. By way of an example, the “What's Hot Now” function can providea short list of interesting programs currently being delivered by thecontent provider that can be a tool for a listener tiring of his presetsand looking for some new and interested content. This list canprioritize currently playing programs highlighted as Features andSuggestions, and further prioritized (e.g., ordered on the user receiverscreen) by the user's Personal Affinities. By selecting any entry on thedisplayed list, the user can jump to and tune to that programimmediately. Additionally, the list can filter out highlights likely tobe of negative interest to the user based on the user's PersonalAffinities. Thus, user interface navigation is simple and driverdistraction concerns are minimized.

Through a UI function provided by the receiver 20, the user requests alist of highlighted programs currently playing. A number of methods maybe used by the receiver for presenting the programs in the sortedHighlighted Channel List, including but not limited to:

-   -   Show only the top few highlighted programs on a single screen    -   Show only a single program, one at time on a screen with limited        display area    -   Allow scrolling of the list forwards and backwards    -   Automatically populate a separate “What's Hot Now” list that the        user can navigate (similar to a “Favorites” list used with some        existing satellite radio receivers)    -   Automatically populate a bank of channel presets with the top        highlighted channels from the list, either on a temporary basis        (e.g. assigned only while the user is perusing the current        “What's Hot” channels), or on a lasting basis (e.g. assigned to        previously unassigned presets until the user changes them).    -   Use a receiver's “Scan” or “Seek” function to jump from        highlighted channel to highlighted channel, optionally playing a        short segment from the channels as it passes through the list.    -   Use a speech processing system to describe the list of        highlighted programs.    -   Provide additional UI functions to obtain more information about        a highlighted program, including display of the associated        information from the EPG Table for the program as described in        the section EPG Table.    -   Use a hard or soft dedicated button.    -   Use a virtual category of “What's Hot” highlights.    -   Use a dynamic “Favorites” list of “What's Hot” highlights.    -   Use an optionally assigned Preset Button to start a “What's Hot”        list or scan.

Since the receiver 20 displays the highlighted list in a sort orderinfluenced by the user's Personal Behaviors, two users may each see adifferent list (particularly the top selections), even though theProgram Highlights delivered to each user's receiver are the same. Inthis way, the lists are customized for each user's listening preferencesand therefore much more likely to highlight programs of interest. Thiskey feature in exemplary embodiments of the present invention allows theuser to easily find a currently playing program that is of interest tothem.

Since the receiver focuses on showing a relatively short list ofpersonally prioritized highlighted programs (instead of perusing anentire EPG Table list or even all highlighted programs), concerns aboutdriver distraction and heavy UI interaction burdens are mitigated.

What's Hot this Week

The “What's Hot This Week” function implementation is similar to theimplementation for the “What's Hot Now” function, except the scope ofhighlighted program display extends beyond currently playing programsthrough a future time period, such as multiple hours, a day, a week, orlonger. For example, the “What's Hot This Week” function assists a userin locating programs of interest in an upcoming week or other timeinterval. As described above, a dynamic, hierarchical “Topic List” canbe defined by a content or service provider 24 that is more granularthan current program categories. The service provider 24 uses the EPGTable 26 and tags selected programs with one or more Topics and, if any,Subtopics. User devices 20 (e.g., a listener's SDARS receiver) receivethe Topics List as part of the EPG, for example. A user reviews theTopics List and creates a Topics/Subtopics Favorites List that is usedby the receiver such that, when “What's Hot This Week” is selected, theuser is presented with a prioritized list of highlighted programsmatching his Topics/Subtopics Favorites List. A user can set up alertswhen selecting programs from weekly highlights so that, for example,when the user is driving, he is alerted to when the selected highlightis about to be broadcast or otherwise delivered.

More specifically, the receiver makes use of the Program Topicsdescribed in section Program Topics. Program Topics are established bythe service provider 24 and can be conveyed to the receiver 20 using thesame storage and conveyance methods previously described for the EPGTable 26.

Once the receiver 20 has stored the Program Topics, it uses the Topics(and optional Subtopics) to build a hierarchical list of availableTopics/Subtopics. This list is presented to the user as part of a devicepersonalization UI. The user may choose any number of Topics/Subtopicsas “favorites”, with his or her choices stored in the receiver localmemory as a Favorite Topics List.

Through a UI function provided by the receiver 20, the user requests alist of upcoming programs. The time scope may be fixed by the durationcoverage of the EPG Table 26, or selectable by the user. The receiver 20uses the Favorite Topics List with the Program Topics assigned toindividual programs in the EPG Table to generate a list of programs mostlikely to be of interest to the user. Optionally, this list can befurther prioritized (sorted) using the same use of Personal Behaviorsdata as described in Personal Affinities and for the “What's Hot Now”method. The result is a sorted Highlighted Program List, displayed bythe receiver UI with information about program start time and date,channel, title, etc. The user can optionally scroll through the list tofind something of interest.

The receiver 20 can optionally provide an Alert function, whereby thereceiver adds a selected upcoming program to an Alert List. Later, ifthe user is listening to the receiver 20 when the program begins (orturns on the receiver while the program is in progress), the receiver UIwould present a notification that the program is starting or inprogress, giving the user the option to tune to the program.

The receiver 20 can optionally provide a Schedule Recording function,whereby the receiver will automatically records the program when itbegins in the future.

A number of methods can be used by the receiver 20 for presenting theprograms in the sorted Highlighted Program List, including but notlimited to:

-   -   Show highlighted programs by Topic/Subtopic    -   Show highlighted programs by start date/time    -   Show highlighted programs sorted by likely interest, as        determined through Personal Affinities    -   Allow scrolling of the list forwards and backwards    -   Use a speech processing system to describe the list of        highlighted programs    -   Provide additional UI functions to obtain more information about        a highlighted program, including display of the associated        information from the EPG Table for the program as described in        the section EPG Table.

Since the receiver 20 displays the highlighted list in a sort orderinfluenced by the user's selection of favorite Topics/Subtopics, twousers may each see a different list (particularly the top selections),even though the Program Highlights and Program Topics delivered to eachuser's receiver 20 are the same. In this way, the lists are customizedfor each user's listening preferences and therefore much more likely tohighlight programs of interest. This key feature in exemplaryembodiments of the present invention allows the user to easily find acurrently playing program that is of interest to them.

Since the receiver 20 focuses on showing a relatively short list ofupcoming programs personally prioritized for each user (instead ofperusing an entire EPG Table or even all highlighted programs), concernsabout driver distraction and heavy UI interaction burdens are mitigated.

What's on this Channel

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, thisfunction provides channel information from the service provider 24 tothe receivers 20, including at least any of, but not limited to, thefollowing:

-   -   Channel Name    -   Channel Category    -   Channel Brief Description    -   Channel Long Description    -   Type of Content    -   Topics/Subtopics commonly appearing on the channel    -   Typical Artists Played    -   Typical Genres Played    -   Audio file of spoken description and/or sample content    -   Video file of spoken description and/or sample content

The information is generated by the service provider and can be conveyedto receivers using, for example, any of the methods described above inthe section Receiver Data Provisioning.

When the user is listening to a channel or viewing a channel selectionin the list, he or she invokes a UI function provided by the receiver 20to obtain more information about the channel. Any of the additionalchannel information listed above can be presented to the user. Acombination of channel description can be provided such as tagline orfull description, genres played, typical artists played and so on. Thisfunction in exemplary embodiments of the present invention allows theuser to easily determine what kind of content is played on a givenprogram channel and also identify other similar program channels.

More Like this Channel

This function uses the Channel Affinity data described in the sectionChannel Affinities. The Channel Affinity data is composed by the serviceprovider 24 and conveyed to the receivers 20.

The receiver UI offers a “More Like This” function invoked by the userwhile listening to any channel. When invoked, the receiver 20 displays alist of other channels with high affinity to the current channel basedon the stored Channel Affinity data, sorted by affinity strength (highto low). Optionally, the channel list may be sorted based on the methodsdescribed in the section Personal Affinities.

A number of methods may be used by the receiver for presenting thechannel list, including at least any, but not limited to, the following:

-   -   Show only the top few channels with strongest affinity to the        current channel.    -   Show only a single channel, one at time on a screen with limited        display area    -   Allow scrolling of the list forwards and backwards    -   Automatically populate a separate “More Like This” list that the        user can navigate (similar to a “Favorites” list used with some        typical satellite radio receivers)    -   Use a receiver's “Scan” or “Seek” function to jump from        highlighted channel to highlighted channel    -   Automatically populate a bank of channel Presets with the top        affinity channels from the list, or optionally assign a Preset        button to start a “More Like This” list or scan operation.    -   Use a speech system to describe the list of highlighted channels    -   Provide additional UI functions to obtain more information about        a highlighted channel, including display of the channel        information described in section What's On This Channel, and/or        display of currently playing programs on the channel from the        EPG Table for the program as described in the section EPG Table.    -   Employ a Virtual Category of channels with high affinity to        current channel.        Exemplary Algorithms for Determining Personal Affinity lists

FIG. 13 is an illustrative algorithm for creating an Affinity list basedon Personal Behaviors in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

A list of all playing programs is generated as an EPG table or ProgramSchedule, and a subset of programs are selected as recommendations thatcan be weighted (Step 1). A weighting value is then set to 1 for playingprograms that received a recommendation (Step 2).

An election weight of any playing topic that matches an “Elected” topiclist is added to the weighting value of the recommendation(s) forprogram(s) playing this topic (Step 3). For example, Topics from theChannel Presets have an election weight of 1. Topics purposely chosen bythe user have an election weight of 2.

With continued reference to FIG. 13, a profile weight of any playingtopic matching the “Profiled” topic list is added to the weighting valueof the recommendation(s) for program(s) playing this topic (Step 4). Forexample, profile weights are based on listening time. A non-linearfunction can be used to create profile weights 1-9.

An Affinity list is generated using all positively Elected topics askeys (Step 5). For example, the weight given to each Affinity topic isthe Affinity value. Affinity topics already in the Elected or Profiledlist are discarded. Negative affinity topics that are profiled orelected are changed to positive. Negative affinity topics make thecumulative playing program weight negative if the program recommendationweight is 1. The Elected List is then replaced by the newly createdaffinity list.

With reference to FIG. 13, Step 5 is repeated but applied to theProfiled list of topics (Step 6).

Steps 3 and 4 are repeated using the Affinity list created in steps 5and 6 (Step 7).

The weight of each recommendation is increased by Feature and Highlightweights of the program it recommends (Step 8). For example, a value of200 is added for Featured programs, which moves them up the list in asort done in Step 9. A value of 400 is added for Highlighted programs,which moves them up the list in a sort done in Step 9. Programs with arecommendation weight of one are skipped in this step.

The playing program list is now sorted by recommendation weight andpresented for selection (Step 9).

FIG. 14 is another illustrative algorithm for creating an Affinity listbased on Personal Behaviors in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The first step in FIG. 14 utilizes a Listening Time Profile of aparticular user to determine the total listening time of the user. Forexample, a channel listening times (e.g., Channel Listening Historyattribute, Temporal Listening History Attribute described above) that isgreater than a selected interest threshold can be used (see 100 in FIG.14). A Relative Interest Table can then be created using the ListeningTime Profile of the user (e.g., channels most often listened to by theuser) as indicated at 102.

With reference to 104 in FIG. 14, the Relative Interest Table isadjusted. For example, the relative interest can be a number from 1-10assigned to channels listened to by the user. A Listener SpecialInterest can then be used in the adjustment (e.g., a positive relativeinterest influence from a defined application such as Preset Channelselections, or a negative relative interest influence from a definedapplication such as Channel Skip or Delete selections). The adjustmentfor special interest allows for the addition of 1, for example, suchthat the full range is 1-11. As indicated at 106 in FIG. 14, theAffinity calculation considers the channel(s) assigned the highestnumbers in the range 1-11, for example, for inclusion and highestranking(s) in the Affinity List.

With reference to 108 in FIG. 14, information from the Channel AffinityTable (e.g., FIG. 16) is used to find a matching affinity channelinitially for the channel in the user's Affinity List having the highestaffinity, for example. If a matching affinity channel is found, it isadded into the user's Affinity List (see 110 in FIG. 14). The RelativeInterest Value is then reduced as indicated at 112. This process isrepeated until all matching affinity channels are located for thatparticular entry in the Affinity List.

If there is no matching affinity channel for the channel of interest inthe Affinity List, then the algorithm moves to the next channel ofrelative interest in the user's Affinity List and determines whether ornot a matching affinity channel exists for that channel as indicated at114. If so, the receiver 20 adds that matching affinity channel andreduces the Relative Interest Value and repeats the process until allmatching affinity channels are located for that particular entry in theAffinity List.

Once all channels having a selected relative interest have beenprocessed to determine if a matching affinity channel exists, thechannel(s) ranked with the next lowest affinity are then processed asdescribed above to determine if matching affinity channels exist and toreduce relative interest values as needed as indicated at 116. Asindicated in FIG. 16, the affinity values can be 2, 1, 0, −1, forexample, in ranking from highest to lowest affinity relative to otherchannels. The algorithm ends once it is determined whether or not thechannel of lowest affinity has a matching affinity channel(s).

FIG. 15 shows an illustrative structure for updating an EPG Table 26 andthe user's Personal Affinity Table (e.g., FIG. 6) in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. The service provider 24(e.g., SDARS programmer) can generate and encode a Channel AffinityTable (e.g., FIG. 16) or spreadsheet or other data structure asindicated at 108 and 110 and provide it to a queue for transmission(e.g., over-the-air (OTA) transmission via satellite and terrestrialrepeaters in one or more data messages) to receivers as indicated at122, 124 and 126, along with or separate from transmission of encodedEPG items as indicated at 128 and 130.

With continued reference to FIG. 15, a receiver is configured inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention toreceive and decode the EPG item and/or affinity data messages asindicated at 132 and 134. The decoded affinity record and EPG items arestored in respective Channel Affinity and EPG datastores (e.g., tables)indicated at 136 and 138. As described, for example, in connection withFIG. 13, a listener profile or Personal Behavior data is created using,for example, a Listening Time profile indicated at 140 and used with theChannel Affinity Table in a Affinity Filter process as indicated at 142to create a user's Affinity Table (e.g., a “What's Hot” listing, a “MoreLike This” listing, among other list of personalized selected content).

FIG. 16 shows exemplary raw data input in spreadsheet form for aillustrative Channel Affinity table 32′. Half the matrix is used sincethe values are reflected around the slanted black line. For example, theaffinities of Channel 12 are all found along the horizontal and verticallines labeled with a letter A. Going across the horizontal line, thevalues above it (e.g., as indicated by the upward arrow B) are ofinterest. Once the diagonal line is reached, the lines in the directionof arrow C are read to find channel numbers for affinities in thecolumn. Thus, the data required to be stored or transmitted issignificantly reduced. Further, affinity values can be kept small anduse only two bits, for example. A 256 channel matrix contains 65,536cells. Requiring half the table reduces the matrix by one half or 32,768values. As each value is two bits, four values can be placed in a byteand therefore raw storage for this table requires 8192 bytes. Fortransmission, these bytes can be further reduced by using common datacompression methods.

User Interfaces for Receivers

Reference is now made to FIGS. 17-22. FIGS. 17-22 are exemplary screenshots of a simple receiver 20 user interface (UI). In accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention, an SDARS radio receiverapplication is provided that uses a listening profile, an Affinitiestable and EPG program table (e.g., a Highlights table or other table) toperform “More Like This” and “What's Hot” operations.

Initially, the receiver 20 commences operation with a default TopicAffinity table and/or Channel Affinity table and empty user listeningprofiles or Personal Behaviors. The receiver 20 receives updates to theAffinity tables 32 and EPG table or Program Schedule 26 over the air,for example. The illustrative receiver 20 in FIG. 4 has six presetbuttons labeled “1” through “6” respectively, four navigational buttons(e.g., “<<”. “<”, “>”, and “>>”) and two dedicated feature buttons.Pressing the feature button (e.g., the “More Like This” button or“What's Hot” button) initiates a command to the receiver to create alist of channels that the listener may also like based on his currentlistening profile or Personal Behaviors. This feature selection can alsobe initiated by voice command, menu selection, a button on the steeringwheel, a touch screen press, and so on.

In the illustrated example, a user has navigated to channel 7, asindicated in FIG. 18, and has listened to it for 30 minutes. He is nowbeginning to create a listening profile. The receiver 20 can storemultiple profiles for this driver, as well as one or more profiles forother drivers of the vehicle in which the receiver is used. The drivercan be identified by a ignition key ID, a door unlock code, afingerprint scan, or any other means that a vehicle uses to identify adriver. The driver can be assigned multiple profiles based on which dayand time of day he is listening. A driver's listening profile may changewhen the vehicle has a passenger and therefore another set of profilesare kept for when there is a passenger detected by the vehicle. Multipleprofiles help selecting the best affinities for the current time. Forexample, the driver may listen to news in the morning, rock music on theway home on a weekday, and soft music on a Saturday evening when thereis a passenger in the car. The affinity selection process uses more thanjust the amount time spent tuned to a channel.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIGS. 17-22 some exemplary datathat may be generated by the receiver 20 to determine Personal Behaviorsand to calculate Personal Affinities follows:

Preset, Channel, Label Audio Channel, Label, SID, Minutes, Weight

4, 40s on 4, 4, 2.28, 27, 70s on 7, 7, 31.38, 10

Total Listening Time: 33.663

Affinity with Channel, Label, Weight55, Margaritaville, 1010. LIVE from

Margar 57, Grateful Dead, 1010, Grateful Dead 27, The Bridge, 1002, PaulMcCartney

6, 60s on 6, 22

10: The Roadhouse, 20 15, Folk Village, 20 46, Classic Vinyl, 20 49:Classic Rewind, 20

8, 80s on 8, 185, 50s: on 5, 14

2:3, SIRIUS XM Love, 12

As indicated above, a user who has tuned to channel 4 and then tuned tochannel 7 may also like content playing on channels 55, 57, 27, 6, 10and so on.

Listening profiles or Personal Behaviors are also designed to age. Inother words, listening intervals are time-stamped and, as intervalsbecome older, they are eventually dropped from accumulated listeningtimes on the various channels by the receiver. This helps the receiverapplication's algorithm to stay current with the listener's more recentinterests.

A weight given to a topic or channel in the affinity selection processof the receiver application can be nonlinear and/or rounded off. Thishelps the receiver application's selection algorithm to temper thedegree of liking one topic or channel over another based solely onlistening time and to force channels or topics to group to the samelevel of affinity as needed. For example, the time profile may show thatthe listening time on one channel is 10 times more than the listeningtime on another channel; however, the listener favors the first channelas much as the second channel and not one tenth as much as the listeningtime indicates. In this case, the affinity algorithm can determine thatthe listener likes the first channel about one third as much by applyinga square root function after converting listening times to percentagesof total listing time.

In FIG. 19, the user has used the navigation keys on the receiver 20 toview the first choice in the “What's Hot” list (e.g., channel 55). Oncethe user has listened to this channel for several minutes or more, itwill become part of that listener's profile or Personal Behaviors data,and no longer suggested in a future list “What's Hot” in accordance withone exemplary embodiment. The user can use the left and right arrowbuttons on the receiver UI to move through the first five channels in anaffinity list. If the user thereafter initiates “What's Hot” once more,then those first five channels will be discarded from the list and thenext five channels on the affinity list are made available for browsingback and forth. These operations can be done until the list isexhausted.

In FIG. 20, the user has used the navigation keys on the receiver 20 tomove through the list to channel 57. In accordance with one illustrativeembodiment of the present invention, the user can save a selection fromthe affinity list to a preset channel, as illustrated in FIG. 21.Alternatively, in accordance with another illustrative embodiment of thepresent invention, the preset buttons are temporarily used to navigatesix choices in the affinity list in lieu of the preset channel selectionafter the user initiates, for example, a “What's Hot” or “More LikeThis” feature. A timeout period, or the pressing of one or more otherbuttons, can be used to return the preset button assignments from theaffinity list settings back to the preset channel settings. In thismode, the user can press and hold a preset button to save the newchannel as a preset channel.

Once a “What's Hot” or “More Like This” or similar function isinitiated, the receiver UI can provide some modal feedback. For example,as shown in FIG. 22, the second text line on the UI display instructsthe listener or driver to use the navigation keys to see the items onthe affinity list. In a voice-activated system, the feedback couldsimply be playback of a recorded statement instructing the driver as towhat should be said next to attain the next navigation operation (e.g.,“next” or “back” to hear spoken list entries in the order desired by theuser).

FIG. 23A depicts an illustrative Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service(SDARS) Electronic Program Guide (EPG) user interface in accordance withan exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Through user interface(UI) controls provided by the receiver, a user can select, for example,the “What's Hot? What's New?” button and the receiver will display theselected feature, as depicted in FIG. 23B. The channels listed in FIG.23B can be selected from the EPG in a manner described above.

In FIG. 23B, when the user selects the “Sunday Best” programming, thesystem brings up another display of the selected feature, as depicted inFIG. 23C. In FIG. 23B, when the user selects “My Topics”, the systembrings up another display of the selected feature, as depicted in FIG.23D.

FIG. 23D depicts the user's selection of “My Topics”, wherein the typeof content (e.g., channels) is classified according to program topicspreferred by the user (e.g., politics, emerging artists, business,comedy specials, and health and nutrition). The program topics can beidentified automatically by the receiver (e.g., using listeninghistories) or identified by the user using a UI on the receiver (e.g.,see FIG. 14E) or via a personal computer application and connector tothe receiver, for example. When the user selects the first program topic(e.g., Politics), the receiver uses the EPG, Topic/Subtopic Programassignment data, and optionally Channel Affinity tables to displayselected channels related to that topic, as depicted in FIGS. 23E-23Irespectively.

FIG. 24A depicts an illustrative Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service(SDARS) Electronic Program Guide (EPG) user interface in accordance withan exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Through user interface(UI) controls provided by the receiver, a user can select, for example,the “What's Hot What's New” button and the receiver will display theselected feature, as depicted in FIG. 24B.

In FIG. 24B, when the user selects the “Stand Up Sit Down” programmingchannel, the receiver generates another display of the selected feature,depicted by FIG. 24C. In FIG. 24B, when the user selects “This Week”,the receiver generates another display of the selected feature, depictedby FIG. 24D, which displays a number of programs and their channels anddates and times corresponding to “What's Hot This Week” as determined,for example, in accordance with the illustrative method described above.If the user selects the “Edit My Topics” button, the receiver generatesanother display of the selected feature, depicted by FIG. 24E thatallows the user to browse and select topics of interest. Again in FIG.24B, when the user selects the “On Now” button, the receiver generatesanother display of the selected feature, depicted by FIG. 24F, whichdisplays the programs under “What's Hot What's New” that are currentlybeing delivered to the receiver.

The following are exemplary use scenarios for mining diverse contentfrom a content stream based not only on user preferences (e.g., PersonalBehaviors) but on data (e.g., Channel Affinity table) provided by acontent or service provider or programmer to facilitate discovery of thecontent that may be of interest to the user. For example, the receivercan be configured to display a “Programming Tip Of the Day,” that is,each time the receiver is powered, it generates a display that showsbrief information about a highlighted show (e.g., selected by thecontent provider) being broadcast or otherwise delivered later that dayand/or now playing, so that the use can listen immediately.

In addition, the receiver 20 or other user device can be configured todisplay, in response to activation of a “What's Hot” button, a menu ofnot only the programs on the highlighted channels that are currentlybeing delivered but also a menu of programs on highlighted channels forthe day or other selected time period. In other words, the “What's Hot”display screen can include a soft button for Highlights—Today to showfuture highlighted programs in addition to Highlights—Now.

Similarly, the receiver 20 or other user device can be configured todisplay EPG—On This Channel to see a simple list of programming for aselected channel for the day or other selected time period. In addition,the receiver or other user device can be configured to display full EPGto allow a user see what is on all delivered program channels over aselected time frame (e.g., over the next four hours or for the day).

The receiver or other user device can be configured to simplify a user'sindication of preferred programming to facilitate building PersonalBehaviors data. For example, while a user is enjoying listening to aparticular program, a user can operate a hard or soft UI button orotherwise operate a menu sequence that adds the current program to theuser's stored “EPG Favorites” if the user would like the receiver tohighlight similar content delivered in the future. Later, the user canselect a EPG—Favorites menu option or button and see a listing offorthcoming scheduled delivery of similar programs. For example, thereceiver can save the title of the currently playing show from the EPGschedule, and later perform a “fuzzy match” to determine future EPGprogram titles to find shows the similar content. Further, the receiveror other user device can be configured to display the a list of today'shighlighted shows that are on the channels now programmed as Presetbuttons when an “EPG—On My Favorites” hard or soft button or UI menuoption is selected.

What's Hot Scanner

Radio receivers 20 or other user devices can be configured with a“What's Hot Scanner” function in accordance with an exemplary embodimentof the present invention that requires no additional EPG data beyond,for example, what is already provided by a EPG as discussed above. Wheninvoking the “What's Hot Now” function, the device UI allows the user tostart a “scan” through the “What's Hot” list by playing 10 seconds orother time interval while on each channel in the list, and to stop thescan if he hears something of interest. Thus, the “What's Hot” featurecan be provided in low-end receivers having relatively simple displays(e.g. 2 line text displays).

Promotional Notification

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,fields can be provided in the transmitted EPG data that can be used byreceivers to alert users to promotional “Free Listening Periods” (e.g.,trial periods where selected content is available at the receiverwithout a subscription every few months or so for a couple of weeks).For example, the receiver that is otherwise de-activated wouldcontinuously monitor the EPG data channel, which would be free-to-airand received even for deactivated receivers. If it detects changes inthe EPG data that indicate a promotional program is underway, it wouldalert the user in some way via the receiver UI. Furthermore, the UIwould direct the listener to which specific channels were free to air,offering description information. A brief “notification” field couldcarry a specific message from marketing/programming about the promotion(e.g., who to call, what the “deal” is, and so on).

EPG-Lite: What's Hot for Now Only

Storing the entire weeks' worth of EPG data may require too muchreceiver power, processor power or storage space for some receiverproducts. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, these products can be configured to provide “What's Hot”features only for currently playing programs, and not the full week ofEPG data and related features, for example.

EPG for Programming Group to Identify Programs for Cached Recording

Some receivers are capable of multi-channel, background recording. Inaccordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, thesereceivers can be configured to implement “speculative” background cachedrecording of selected “featured” programs. The recorded programs wouldbe offered to listeners in a list of programs available for “on demand”listening. The speculative recordings would be made preferably withoutrequiring user interaction, and would be in addition to any recordingsspecifically requested by the user. The EPG database in server 28 can beused by the content or service provider 24 to identify (e.g., tag) whichprograms are preferred candidates for speculative background recording,and optionally further prioritized for recording based on the PersonalAffinity methods described previously.

Include Program “Action Tag” Cross-Referencing in EPG

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,“action tags” can be included in the EPG Table 26 that would be used foridentifying playing programs for other features such as “Jump”, audiopromotionals (e.g., a DJ talks about a program on at a future timeand/or different channel), supporting content from one provider onanother providers transmission channel (e.g., RF band), and so on. TheEPG is configured to preferably link to these features rather than existindependently of them.

For example, a new capability might allow a user to push a “more info”button while the DJ talks about an upcoming show. With this action, thereceiver retrieves an “action tag” associated real-time with the tunedchannel. This tag can then be cross-referenced into the EPG data, suchthat all of the information in the EPG Table about the program beingdiscussed is made available for display or action (e.g., showdescription of the program, set future alert, set future record session,etc.).

Also, for example, a user can press a “more info” button about a programdescribed by a DJ on another channel and is offered to jump there now.If the listener cannot listen immediately, the receiver is configured toallow him to use the facilities of the EPG to “find alternative times”in which the same program is being broadcast, and to set an alert forthe one program time most likely to correspond to his listeningschedule.

In addition, an “audio program guide” channel can be added thatcontinuously repeats a loop of “What's Hot” as an audio channel,supported by background action tags transmitted during the audio. A useris encouraged to tune to this channel to hear about what is on (e.g.,similar to EPG “What's Hot,” but audio-based). For receivers thatsupport the EPG Table 26 and background tags, the user can press a “moreinfo” button during a discussion of another show and thereby access allof the data and services in the EPG Table associated with the referencedprogram.

Audio Descriptions

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, anEPG entry is configured to optionally reference an “audio object” suchas a cached, downloaded brief audio recording promoting or describing aprogram that the user could listen to on demand. The brief audio filescan also be transmitted as part of or in addition to the content stream.

Channel Descriptions

In accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention,enhanced channel descriptions are provided to assist the listener inunderstanding the kind of content played on each channel, particularlyfor new users. For example, the receiver can be configured to display abrief, text description for each channel. Illustrative fields that canbe supported are:

Short Description: Alternative rock's pioneering artists and songs.

Medium Description: Tune in to 1st Wave where you can still listen toclassic alternative music from artists like Depeche Mode, U2, and TheSmiths.

Long Description: First Wave plays the great songs that helped bring“alternative rock” to the forefront of pop culture and awareness in the1980s. It plays music when individual expression thru music trends wasfirst accepted, and everyone wanted to look like the video stars of MTV.Hear the first wave of alternative music from the era that definedalternative. If you ever wore a skinny tie, had spiked hair, or pogoedto the beat, 1st Wave is for you. Longer on synthesizers than guitars,First Wave makes it okay for rock fans who want to dance!

Genres: New Wave, '80s Alternative, Post Punk, Retro Rock, Britain PopRock

This information can then be used by the receiver UI when providing a“more info” option, so a user can instantly learn about an unfamiliarchannel. Different receiver products can be configured to use one ormore of the description fields, depending on capability (e.g., limiteddisplay units might employ only Short Descriptions or Genres only,whereas a receiver in a vehicle having a large color navigation displaymay use all or most of the fields).

This channel description information can be compiled into a receiverproduct as a Baseline Database, with the EPG providing updates when andonly when the descriptive information changes. Due to the slow carouselcycle time needed and small amount of data required, this does not addsignificantly to the EPG bandwidth.

Additional content discovery value can be provided to the exploring userwhen this channel description information is combined with the channelaffinity data. The user can then be informed of “more stations likethis” when exploring channels and using the channel affinity data.

New Channel Notification

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, areceiver 20 can be configured to inform a user of a new channel comingon air. The receiver is configured to support, for example, a class of“Feature” highlight that pertains to an entire channel instead of aparticular program. This class of Feature describes the new channel orlinks to Channel Description data, and can also describe when the newchannel going live or went live, and so on. Presentation options canrange from an alert style to simply including the notification in thelist of upcoming “What's Hot” Features. Optionally, the alert or sortingof the new channel notification can be further prioritized by ChannelAffinity and Personal Affinity data (e.g. alert if channel/personalaffinities calculate the particular listener would likely find thechannel interesting, or merely place it in general Feature highlights ifthe particular listener would not find the channel interesting). Thisfunction is advantageous because it does not increase EPG Tablebandwidth significantly.

It is to be understood that the present invention can also be embodiedas computer-readable codes on a computer-readable recording medium. Thecomputer-readable recording medium is any data storage device that canstore data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examplesof the computer-readable recording medium include, but are not limitedto, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs,magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and can beenvisioned to include carrier waves (such as data transmission throughthe Internet via wired or wireless transmission paths). Thecomputer-readable recording medium can also be distributed overnetwork-coupled computer systems so that the computer-readable code isstored and executed in a distributed fashion. Also, functional programs,codes, and code segments for accomplishing the present invention can beeasily construed as within the scope of the invention by programmersskilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to acertain embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled inthe art that various changes in form and details may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Consequently, the scope of the invention should not be limited to theembodiment, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalentsthereof.

1. A method of generating an enhanced electronic program guide (EPG) toa broadcast comprising programs playing concurrently on a plurality ofreceived channels for display on a user device to facilitate perusal,navigation, and selection of programs for playback, the methodcomprising: transmitting EPG data to the user device indicating programsplaying on the channels for a selected period of time; transmittingAffinities data to the user device, the Affinities data indicating atleast one of relationships between the programs and relationshipsbetween the channels; generating User Behavior data indicating userpreferences for selection and playback of programs from among thechannels of the broadcast; and determining a subset of the programsplaying on the channels that would be of interest to the user based onthe Affinities data in combination with the User Behavior data.
 2. Amethod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Affinities data is determinedby a content provider of the broadcast, and transmitting Affinities datacomprises transmitting the same Affinities data to all user devices. 3.A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the User Behavior data isgenerated automatically by the user device based on at least one ofmonitoring times when channels are selected for playback by a user viathe user device, monitoring programs selected for playback by the uservia the user device, storing data relating to user selection of favoriteones of the channels via the user device, storing data relating to userselection of a subset of the channels for assignment to correspondingpreset buttons on the user device, storing data relating to a userrequest via the user device to suppress a selected one of the channelsfrom playback, and storing data relating to a user request via the userdevice to suppress playback of a selected one of the programs.
 4. Amethod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Affinities data comprises aplurality of topics and identifications for each of the programs of atleast one of the topics that corresponds to that program.
 5. A method asclaimed in claim 4, further comprising transmitting Topics Affinitiesdata to the user device that indicates relationships between the topics.6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein Topics Affinities datacomprises values for the relationships that change depending on how mucha user likes respective ones of the topics.
 7. A method as claimed inclaim 5, Wherein the Topics Affinities data comprises values for therelationships that change depending on how much a user dislikesrespective ones of the topics.
 8. A method as claimed in claim 5,wherein the Topics Affinities data comprises a matrix of weighted valuescomprising a list of the topics on an x-axis of the matrix and a list ofthe topics on a y-axis of the matrix to create a plurality of (x,y)coordinates being assigned a value selected from a range of values toindicate how much users, who generally like the topic identified as thex coordinate, will generally like the topic identified by the ycoordinate.
 9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Affinitiesdata comprises Channel Affinities data comprising values for therelationships between the channels that change depending on how much auser likes respective ones of the channels.
 10. A method as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the Channel Affinities data comprises values for therelationships between the channels that change depending on how much auser dislikes respective ones of the channels.
 11. A method as claimedin claim 1, wherein the Affinities data comprises a matrix of weightedvalues comprising a list of the channels on an x-axis of the matrix anda list of the channels on a y-axis of the matrix to create a pluralityof (x,y) coordinates that are assigned a value selected from a range ofvalues to indicate how much users, who generally like the channelidentified as the x coordinate, will generally like the channelidentified by the y coordinate.
 12. A method as claimed in claim 1,wherein the determining a subset comprises determining PersonalAffinities comprising selecting a subset of the programs asrecommendations; assigning a weighting value to the topics correspondingto the recommended programs; increasing the weighting value of any ofthe topics that have been elected by a user via the user device;increasing the weighting value of any of the topics that correspond toprograms played back and profiled according to the User Behaviors; andgenerating a Personal Affinity List comprising topics having a selectedweighting value that are different from the profiled topics and theelected topics.
 13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein negativeweighting values are assigned between two topics when a user of one ofthe topics generally dislikes the other of the two topics, anddetermining the Personal Affinities comprises changing the negativeweighting values to positive weighting values for the topics that areany of elected and profiled.
 14. A method as claimed in claim 12,further comprising: prioritizing the recommended programs on thePersonal Affinity List in accordance with the respective weightingvalues; and displaying the prioritized list on the user device.